Research On Stem Cell Research Essay - 2087 Words

Nonetheless Christine Kirk’s article reviews the National Institute of Health’s proposal in 2000 on pluripotent embryonic stem cell research funds in the United States and ways to regulate the research process. Kirk examines the use of pluripotent stem cells for research to be coordinated correctly by the National Institute of Health Guidelines. Kirk explains how the proposed guidelines affect the way embryonic stem cell research is done in the United States. â€Å"Finally, researchers must follow standard NIH research procedures as well as undergo review by an NIH working committee on stem cell research† (412). The process the embryonic stem cell researchers have to go through to even be able to conduct stem cell research in the United States is quite strenuous because opponents do not want the research to be done. However, there have been plenty of different regulations placed on embryonic stem cell research, which have made scientist flee to other countries in order to further the research being done. â€Å"More specifically, NIH funds may support research using cells derived only from 1) embryos which were created for fertility treatment and which were in excess of clinical need; or 2) fetal tissue used in accordance with the Guidelines and with all applicable laws and regulations† (412). Kirk points out the fact of low quantity of the embryonic stem cell tissue available to scientist for further research, which can be frustrating for researchers to further understand embryonicShow MoreRelatedStem Research On Stem Cell Research1747 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 111-36 25 November 2014 Stem Cell Research Stem cell research has cultivated a new, miraculous study in the health field. The study has led to an increase in curing diseases over the past couple of decades. Before stem cell research, diseases were destroying and devastating lives continuously on end. With the use of stem cells in modern time, diseases are no longer taking control of lives. The innovation in biomedical technology, such as stem cell research, has greatly impacted the understandingRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1271 Words   |  6 Pages! ! ! Stem Cells Research ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Jabaree Shipp English III NCVPS Mrs.Gallos 8, December 2014 ! ! ! ! ! ! Throughout most of our lifetime on Earth many have pondered the thought of how they and the things around them have been created. They wondered what makes grass grow to what makes themselves grow mentally and physically. Through extensive research and major advancements in technology over these years, decades, and centuries we still have no answer to our own questions. But, we do howeverRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1318 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as Stem Cell Research (SCR). Stem Cell Research is a relatively new field that has shown much promise to help deal with hundreds of different conditions and diseases. Though this astounding field holds the key to saving thousands of lives, there is a misguided ethical problem with Stem Cell Research raised by the church. The church only focuses on one aspect of harvesting stem cells when there is more than one way to get stem cells. This isn’t the only thing that is holding SCR back. Stem CellRead MoreStem Research : Stem Cell Research1692 Words   |  7 Pages Stem Cell Research As stem cell research progresses, it is essential that we think about the issues encompassing our future. One of the exceptionally debated topics, stem cell research, is gathering a lot of information. Stem cell research is as of now is legal in many nations. The united states, regularly a pioneer in all things new and energizing is one of the last to investigate this topic. As this sort of examination continues advancing, as citizens, we will in all likely need to vote onRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1530 Words   |  7 PagesHiga Capstone 2 October, 2014 Stem Cell Beats Ethic Issues Stem cell research is the most controversial topic in the health field since abortion. Stem cell research however, has the potential to unlock an infinite amount of possibilities as well be the key to curing patients with terminal illnesses. Many people from around the world have their opinions on this type of research dealing with ethics, politics, and religion. The most efficient way to study stem cells is taking them from donated embryosRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1212 Words   |  5 PagesStem Cell Research Jason Bernard BIOL-10000 July 26, 2015 Introduction In this essay, I hope to analyze both sides of the debate, and also learn more about the topic and share that information. Prior to researching this topic, I feel that any research that can help prevent or cure diseases, than the research should receive full funding and support. What Are Stem Cells? Stem cells were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr. James Till and Dr. Ernest McCulloch, professors at the University of TorontoRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research1582 Words   |  7 Pagesis beginning to fall behind in its advancement in research compared to the rest of the world due, to the lack of federal funding. One advancement which creates conflicts and dilemmas is stem cell research. The conflicts are specific types of stem cells are unethical and not morally right to research on, but not all stem cells are this way. Stem cell research is the study of different types of stem cells and their possible clinical uses. Stem cells can be developed to act as treatments for differentRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pages Stem Cell Research James A Merritt PIMA Medical institute Embryonic stem cell research is a controversial topic. In the religious aspect its man trying to play the authority of GOD on whether people should live, die or suffer from ailments and injuries. On a scientific and medical aspect it is compassionate people lookingRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research1459 Words   |  6 Pagesmany possible methods. Stem cell research is a recent discovery that brings intense controversy: one side believes that the research is beneficial to the advancement of finding medical treatments and technologies, and the other questions whether the studies and experiments done in the field are ethical. Before understanding the history of stem cell research, one must understand its possibility of being used to cure people with medical problems, and that continued research will bring many new andRead MoreA Research On Stem Cell Research924 Words   |  4 Pagesscientific knowledge gained from stem cell research has proven very useful, yet the knowledge did not come without the destruction of human embryos. According to Healy, Bernadine P. â€Å"The Government Must Regulate Stem Cell Research†, †stem cells† come from human embryo or fetus that is at its first stage of development in which it is in its single cell form before it starts its development stage or complex stage (Bernadine). What this means is, stem cells, at its single cell stage doesn’t have any function

Is Procrastination A Practical Light Bulb - 1280 Words

In the 1930s, a sudden wind swept an American helium-filled airship aloft from its moorings. The rising ship carried away some of the rope crew as well. Most let go right away and suffered no worse than sprains. Others held on until they lost their grip. Each time a man let go, the dirigible leapt higher. Those who hesitated longest fell to their deaths. Procrastination can be deadly! Procrastinators believe that if they do nothing and wait long enough, any bad situation will take care of itself. Or if it does not resolve itself, it will simply go away. Many even insist that procrastination is a form of work, explaining that they are letting their thinking percolate. With that point of view, they feel no concern about delay. In most situations almost any direct action is better than no action. If nothing else, you ll learn from what you try and then refocus in a more productive direction. In support of this view, Thomas Edison made thousands of unsuccessful attempts to invent a practical light bulb. Edison saw what he was doing as learning rather than failing. Clearly, his approach speeded up the process. When fear is an element, that fear can create a disastrous procrastination stall. DON T THINK TOO LONG ABOUT THAT Fear and Trembling in the Executive Washroom Fear rules many business leaders and their fear comes in many guises. One of America s most admired CEOs feared any negative publicity. As a result, he would only acquire smaller, privately heldShow MoreRelatedEco-Buddhism7194 Words   |  29 Pagesbring about the disappearance of Himalayan glaciers in Tibet, abolishing the water supply of hundreds of millions of people. Even countries not directly affected by environmental disasters could be flooded by millions of refugees.   These are very practical matters for the survival of Buddhism in Asia, as well as for world peace. In summary, the climate-energy emergency is so consequential as to be a moral and ethical matter of the first order. The case can be made that a pan-Buddhist Council shouldRead MorePractical Guide to Market Research62092 Words   |  249 Pagesvital to know and what is of lesser importance. Taking time and effort in defining the coverage of the research is essential if the results are to truly assist the decision making process. In addition, however, a well defined research coverage is of practical value in latter stages of the project and particularly at the questionnaire design stage. With the coverage defined and listed much of the work involved in developing a questionnaire is already done. Key point Pinpoint the objective of the researchRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesyear had occurred during the previous few years, and morale, productivity, and quality of production by the 5,000 employees were the worst in the corporation. Costs of assembling the automobile were about 30 percent above the Asian competitors. In light of these data, corporate headquarters issued an order to close the plant and lay off the workers. Three years later, General Motors signed a joint operating agreement with one of its major competitors: Toyota Motors. Much had been written about theRead Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 Pagesbusiness in question – what works well for one area of a conglomerate does not mean it will succeed for other parts of the overall organisation. For instance, Honda manufactures motor bikes, automobiles, jet engines and lawnmowers(!) It would not be practical to apply a single generic strategy across the Honda organisation. Hence, it is only to a limited extent that Porter’s generic strategies work for a global conglomerate. [6 – 7 marks]  © Paul Hoang and IBID Press    32 There is a balanced

Is Procrastination A Practical Light Bulb - 1280 Words

In the 1930s, a sudden wind swept an American helium-filled airship aloft from its moorings. The rising ship carried away some of the rope crew as well. Most let go right away and suffered no worse than sprains. Others held on until they lost their grip. Each time a man let go, the dirigible leapt higher. Those who hesitated longest fell to their deaths. Procrastination can be deadly! Procrastinators believe that if they do nothing and wait long enough, any bad situation will take care of itself. Or if it does not resolve itself, it will simply go away. Many even insist that procrastination is a form of work, explaining that they are letting their thinking percolate. With that point of view, they feel no concern about delay. In most situations almost any direct action is better than no action. If nothing else, you ll learn from what you try and then refocus in a more productive direction. In support of this view, Thomas Edison made thousands of unsuccessful attempts to invent a practical light bulb. Edison saw what he was doing as learning rather than failing. Clearly, his approach speeded up the process. When fear is an element, that fear can create a disastrous procrastination stall. DON T THINK TOO LONG ABOUT THAT Fear and Trembling in the Executive Washroom Fear rules many business leaders and their fear comes in many guises. One of America s most admired CEOs feared any negative publicity. As a result, he would only acquire smaller, privately heldShow MoreRelatedEco-Buddhism7194 Words   |  29 Pagesbring about the disappearance of Himalayan glaciers in Tibet, abolishing the water supply of hundreds of millions of people. Even countries not directly affected by environmental disasters could be flooded by millions of refugees.   These are very practical matters for the survival of Buddhism in Asia, as well as for world peace. In summary, the climate-energy emergency is so consequential as to be a moral and ethical matter of the first order. The case can be made that a pan-Buddhist Council shouldRead MorePractical Guide to Market Research62092 Words   |  249 Pagesvital to know and what is of lesser importance. Taking time and effort in defining the coverage of the research is essential if the results are to truly assist the decision making process. In addition, however, a well defined research coverage is of practical value in latter stages of the project and particularly at the questionnaire design stage. With the coverage defined and listed much of the work involved in developing a questionnaire is already done. Key point Pinpoint the objective of the researchRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesyear had occurred during the previous few years, and morale, productivity, and quality of production by the 5,000 employees were the worst in the corporation. Costs of assembling the automobile were about 30 percent above the Asian competitors. In light of these data, corporate headquarters issued an order to close the plant and lay off the workers. Three years later, General Motors signed a joint operating agreement with one of its major competitors: Toyota Motors. Much had been written about theRead Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 Pagesbusiness in question – what works well for one area of a conglomerate does not mean it will succeed for other parts of the overall organisation. For instance, Honda manufactures motor bikes, automobiles, jet engines and lawnmowers(!) It would not be practical to apply a single generic strategy across the Honda organisation. Hence, it is only to a limited extent that Porter’s generic strategies work for a global conglomerate. [6 – 7 marks]  © Paul Hoang and IBID Press    32 There is a balanced

The Championships - Wimbledon for England Club - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theThe Championships, Wimbledon for England Club. Answer: Introduction The Wimbledon championships which is held in London is one of the oldest and most prestigious tournaments in Tennis. This tournament is played in the grass court in the All located in Wimbledon, London and is played from 1877. Among the four grand slam tournaments Australia Open, French Open, Wimbledon and U.S. Open, Wimbledon is the only tournament which is played in the grass court. Initially the event used to start from the third Monday of June but due to some changes in the tennis calendar, the event time has been changed to early July. The championship consists of various events mens singles, womens singles, mens doubles, womens doubles and mixed doubles. History of the Tournament The All England Club was initially known as The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. On the 23rd of July, 1868 the club was first formed (Lake, 2017). The first tournament on lawn tennis has taken place in 1877. The tournament used to run for more than two weeks, starting from the third week of June to the beginning of July (Lake, 2016). When the tournament was started, there was only one event the mens singles. Women were not permitted to take part in the tournament back then. The first Wimbledon tournament was played between 20 male participants. There were a crowd of only 200 people who came to watch the tournament (Lake, 2015). The tournament was not played during the first and the second world wars, that is between 1915-1918 and 1940-1945. After the second world war the popularity of the event started to grow significantly. The mens doubles event along with the womens singles event was introduced in 1884. From the year 1967, the tournament was first broadcasted in color in the television (Lake, 2014). Objectives of the Tournament The main aims and objectives of the Wimbledon tournament are given below: To keep the tournament, the premiere tournament of tennis in the world on grass surface. To make the tennis venue of Wimbledon world class by retaining its international as well as national significance. To retain the heritage of the event. To provide the finest facilities and entertainment to all the visitors. The way the tournament has been running for as long as 125 years, it can be said that the tournament has been successful in maintaining its aims and objectives (Wagg, 2017). Failing to do so would not have resulted in running of the tournament for so long. Marketing of the Tournament The tournament is already a very popular tournament to the whole world. A lot of participants from different parts of the world, from different countries come to take part in the tournament. The participants are in such a huge number that a qualifier round has to be played to the new and the unseeded participants to qualify for the main event. Even then, to draw more spectators, the All England Club revealed a campaign to communicate the specifications of the tournament to the people all around the world (Stotlar Cooper, 2014). This campaign was named as In Pursuit of Greatness. This campaign has been revealed to spread the popularity of the tournament in the future. The head of commercial and marketing of AELTC, James Ralley said We recognize that for the championships to progress its leadership position, we need to invest in the global understanding of Wimbledon. He also said that by investing in the content of the event, despite of enhancing the presentation of the event globally , there is also hope of demonstrating all the things that are done serves the guiding principle of the tournament which is improvement of the tournament. Pursuit of Greatness has been revealed to demonstrate this fact. Impact of the Tournament The local residents of the country are hugely affected with the organization of the tournament. A large number of tourists visit the locality at that time. This creates a worriedness in the local residents of Wimbledon and the villages in Southfields. The residents are also benefitted in a lot of ways. With the arrival of the tourists, the residents earn extra money by providing the visitors place to stay and food. Though due to the huge number of visitors, the residents cannot provide bed or place to stay to all the visitors. Thus, a lot of them occupy the pavements of the streets and this thus the local people face a lot of problems due to this (Wagg, 2017). Thus, all of the residents do not much look forward to this event. The traffic of the country is also hugely affected due to the sudden increase of the population. The Merton council does implement a lot of ways to control this situation and to run the event smoothly but they will have to develop the facilities much more in ord er to keep the situation fully under control. References Lake, R. J. (2014).A social history of tennis in Britain(Vol. 5). Routledge. Lake, R. J. (2015). Arthur Ashe: Tennis and Justice in the Civil Rights Era.EJSS. European Journal for Sport and Society,12(3), 341. Lake, R. J. (2016). Love Game: A History of Tennis from Victorian Pastime to Global Phenomenon. Lake, R. J. (2017). Tim Henman, British tennis and the social construction of English identity in the 1990s and 2000s.Sport in Society, 1-20. Stotlar, D. K., Cooper, C. G. (2014). Sport facility and event management.Contemporary Sport Management, 5E, 385. Wagg, S. (2017). Sacred turf: The Wimbledon tennis championships and the changing politics of Englishness.Sport in Society,20(3), 398-412.

Readiness Measures Of Success Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Readiness Measures Of Success. Answer: Self-Reflection This is ameditationon ones personalitycoupled with the willingness to learn more about their nature, kernel and purpose. It is important in that it enables a person to pause from lifes rush and think about what is really important, what truly matters (Winterrowd et al, 2016). They develop better goals for their lives and may come up with a strategy to achieve them. In addition, the person is able to understand more clearly about their strengths, weaknesses and emotions. Strengths I have an advantage of access to a good education. I have skills in Mathematics, Economics, Finance, Agriculture and Business Management. The people around me say I do very well in my studies and career building. My psychological capital includes discipline and tranquility even while I am under pressure which enables me to make good decisions without rushing. Other people view me as someone who is independent both financially and psychologically which they admire especially because I am still young. I am most proud of my investment and business capabilities. I strongly believe in discipline and hard work. Weaknesses I am an introvert which sometimes portrays me as being selfish or anti-social since I tend to avoid social gatherings like parties. I also have a short temper. These two weaknesses are visible to other people as well. I am quite confident in my education although am better in some sections like management than I am in others such as agriculture. I am often disorganized especially when I have too much work. Sometimes I set priorities that are exclusively financially oriented that I neglect self-care. Public speaking makes me very uncomfortable and this could definitely hold me back in my career. Opportunities I can incorporate my skills to create opportunities in writing ang even teaching. Being in the midst of transformation, humanized big data and automation have a huge role to play in the business world. To take advantage of this, I can incorporate automated equipment in my business to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations. The business industry is very competitive and will continue to be so in the future. It is therefore important to create new networks every so often and have an open mind to learn every day. I would do better if I worked on my anger issues and public speaking. Threats Competition is the greatest obstacle in business. In order to ensure success, I always keep an eye on my competitors, ensure I offer quality products at fair prices while at the same time warranting some profit to secure my future in the industry. My job changes every day and sometimes it is hard to keep up with the flow especially technology-wise due to the costs incurred in installing a new technology or improving an existing one. Weaknesses such as fear of public speaking, if not addressed, can cause disorderliness in the organization since employees may not get clear instructions due to delegation of this task. My Personal Strategy Mission Mypersonal life mission is to become a wealthy business person and create as many jobs for the world as possible. I am determined to continue working very hard, being disciplined and focus better on my success.To achieve all my objectives, I have to grab all learning opportunities that come up every day and invest in upcoming technology which is an almost sure bet for success in business. Working on strengthening my weakness is another undertaking that is an important step to success as it hinders competitors from taking advantage. Plan My plan is to grow my current small business into a vast enterprise where I can be able to acquire other small businesses for diversification. By so doing, I will not only be helping the financially but I will also be allowing them free time to focus on other activities that they deem important. For these small business owners, I will be offering learning opportunities on business tips in an attempt to understand why they wanted to sell out their business and help them figure out what else would be best for them to do considering their talents and skills. I am also planning to expand it to other countries in the world to reach out to as many people as possible (Hayes et al, 2014). Strategy Diversification is an approach I plan to use as a risk management strategy. Investing in a single venture is a very dangerous move because one could lose all their currency in case of failure (Wahi, A.K., 2016). Diversifying my investment will also enable me to help more people and meet the needs of so many others (clients). Another strategy I plan to use in my quest for success in business is product differentiation. This will enable me to have a comparative advantage over my competitors since my products will be improved both in quality and in packaging. They will also be designed in accordance with customer needsin order to increase the customer base. Measures Of Success The measures of success in my business are: Profitability: My business is profit oriented and therefore would close down if it cannot fund its own operations since there are no outside sources of capital, unlike charity organizations. I focus on selling my products at prices that are fair both to my clients and myself. Customer Retention: I plan to retain every customer that walks through my doors in search for my services (Jouny-Rivier et al, 2017). There is no existence of a business without clients and therefore forming strong relationships with them to ensure they keep coming is one of the most essential steps an organization can make in guaranteeing its success. I also listen to all my clients comments, whether they are compliments or criticisms. I believe the saying that the customer is always right is true and therefore I take their criticism as stepping stones for business development (Morgan, J.Q. and Morphis, C., 2017). Personal Satisfaction At the end of the day, this is all that really matters. The feeling of contentment that I have done my best and achieved want I wanted. This feeling coupled with the success of the people that I have helped, is priceless. References Winterrowd, E., Priniski, S.J., Achter, J. and Abhold, J.J., 2016. Correlates of satisfaction, intrapersonal learning, and academic outcomes at counseling centers in a university system.College Student Journal,50(2), pp.288-301. Hayes, B., Dewey, J. and Sancho, M., 2014. Using Video Interaction Guidance to Develop Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Skills in Professional Training for Educational Psychologists.International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education,26(3), pp.436-444. Morgan, J.Q. and Morphis, C., 2017. Defining success in business retention and expansion: What do economic development organizations measure and why?.Community Development,48(2), pp.299-316. Jouny-Rivier, E., Jouny-Rivier, E., Reynoso, J., Reynoso, J., Edvardsson, B. and Edvardsson, B., 2017. Determinants of services co-creation with business customers.Journal of Services Marketing,31(2), pp.85-103. Wahi, A.K., 2016. Enterprise 2 0 State Of Readiness Measures Of Success And Business Benefits

Siddharthas Influences Essays - Buddhism, Indian Religions, Religion

Siddhartha's Influences Siddharthas Influences In the novel Siddhartha, Herman Hesse used other characters to let Siddhartha grow both intellectually and spiritually. During the course of his journey, Siddhartha encountered many people and experienced different ways of living and thinking about life. Each person taught him something about himself and the world around him. Siddharthas childhood friend, Govinda, educated him about the importance of choosing a path in his own life. Govinda had always been a step behind Siddhartha, following every decision he made. The one time he stepped out on his own, to accept the Buddha, he was merely following the path of thousands of others. Siddhartha saw this and he learned that he had to listen to himself even if he wound up making a wrong decision. Meeting with Govinda at the end of the novel reinforced his thought that one had to have experience in order to attain Nirvana -- not someone elses knowledge. After following Gotama for years Govinda still hadnt reached peace although Siddhartha had. Siddhartha had done things many would consider wrong and immoral and yet he reached something that many others wanted so desperately because he had experience. The beautiful courtesan, Kamala, taught Siddhartha the importance of love along with the pleasures of it. While in the town of Samsara, he was introduced to a life of luxuries by her. She taught him how to please a woman and how to keep her satisfied. He also learned how to gamble and the art of running a business from her friends. Although Siddhartha felt moments of joy, nothing fulfilled the longing in his soul. Over the years, one of the more important lessons he gained from Kamala was that he could have this life of pleasurable things and yet still yearn for a deeper meaning in his heart. Vasudeva, the ferryboat captain, was the most important person in Siddharthas life. If he hadnt allowed Siddhartha to live with him and share the beauty of the river, Siddhartha may have never reached Nirvana. Sitting with his pupil by the water and forcing him to listen and look into the depths led Siddhartha to his place of peacefulness. Educating Siddhartha was no easy task for Vasudeva. He let Siddhartha make mistakes with his son but gave him the knowledge and advice he needed. With this mans guidance, Siddhartha came into his life of happiness. Siddhartha met many people throughout his journey who had considerable impact on him. The experience he gained with each of these people gave him wisdom both intellectually and spiritually and eventually led him to Nirvana. Book Reports

The Ancient History of Silk Making and Silkworms

The Ancient History of Silk Making and Silkworms Silkworms (incorrectly spelled silk worms) are the larval form of the domesticated silk moth, Bombyx mori. The silk moth was domesticated in its native habitat of northern China from its wild cousin Bombyx mandarina, a cousin which still survives today. Archaeological evidence suggests that occurred about 3500 BC. The fabric we call silk is made from the long thin fibers produced by the silkworm during its larval stage. The insects intent is to create a cocoon for its transformation into the moth form. Silkworm farmers simply unravel the cocoons, each cocoon producing between 100-300 meters (325-1,000 feet) of fine, very strong thread. People make fabrics from the fibers produced by at least 25 different species of wild and domesticated butterflies and moths in the order Lepidoptera. Two versions of wild silkworm are exploited by silk manufacturers today, one in China and far eastern Russia called Chinese B. mandarina; and one in Japan and southern Korea called Japanese B. mandarina. The largest silk industry today is in India, followed by China and Japan, and more than 1,000 inbred strains of silkworms are kept worldwide today. What is Silk? Silk fibers are water-insoluble filaments that animals (chiefly the larval version of moths and butterflies, but also spiders) secrete from specialized glands. Animals store the chemicals fibroin and sericinsilkworm cultivation is often called sericultureas gels in the insects glands. As the gels are excreted, they are converted into fibers. Spiders and at least 18 different orders of insects make silk. Some use them to construct nests and burrows, but butterflies and moths use the excretions to spin cocoons. That ability that began at least 250 million years ago. The silkworm caterpillar feeds exclusively on the leaves from several species of mulberry (Morus), which contain a latex with very high concentrations of alkaloid sugars. Those sugars are toxic to other caterpillars and herbivores; silkworms have evolved to tolerate those toxins. Domestication History Silkworms are today completely dependent on humans for survival, a direct result of artificial selection. Other characteristics bred into the domestic silkworm caterpillar are a tolerance for human proximity and handling as well as for excessive crowding. Archaeological evidence indicates that the use of cocoons of the silkworm species Bombyx to produce cloth began at least as early as the Longshan period (3500-2000 BC), and perhaps earlier. Evidence of silk from this period is known from a few remnant textile fragments recovered from well-preserved tombs. Chinese historical records such as the Shi Ji report silk production and depict garments. Archaeological Evidence The Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-8th centuries BC) saw the development of early silk brocades. Many silk textile examples have been recovered from archaeological excavations of Mashan and Baoshan sites, dated to the Chu Kingdom (7th century BC) of the later Warring States period. Silk products and silkworm-rearing technologies came to play a critical role in Chinese trade networks and in the interaction of cultures among different countries. By the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 9), silk production was so important to international trade that the camel trails used to connect ChangAn with Europe were named the Silk Road. Silkworm technology spread to Korea and Japan about 200 BC. Europe was introduced to silk products through the Silk Road network, but the secret of silk fiber production remained unknown outside of eastern Asia until the 3rd century AD. Legend has it that the bride of a king of the Khotan oasis in far western China on the Silk Road smuggled silkworms and mulberry seeds to her new home and husband. By the 6th century, Khotan had a thriving silk production business. Sequencing the Silkworm A draft genome sequence for silkworms was released in 2004, and at least three re-sequences have followed, discovering genetic evidence that the domestic silkworm has lost between 33-49% of its nucleotide diversity compared to the wild silkworm. The insect has 28 chromosomes, 18,510 genes, and over 1,000 genetic markers. Bombyx has an estimated 432 Mb genome size, much larger than fruit flies, making the silkworm an ideal study for geneticists, particularly those interested in the insect order Lepidoptera. Lepidoptera includes some of the most disruptive agricultural pests on our planet, and geneticists hope to learn about the order to understand and combat the impact of silkworms dangerous cousins. In 2009, an open access database of the silkworms genome biology called SilkDB was published (see Duan et al). Genetic Studies Chinese geneticists Shao-Yu Yang and colleagues (2014) have found DNA evidence suggesting that the silkworm domestication process may have begun 7,500 years ago, and continued to around 4,000 years ago. At that time, silkworms experienced a bottleneck, losing much of its nucleotide diversity. Archaeological evidence does not currently support such a long domestication history, but the bottleneck date is similar to dates proposed for initial domestication. Another group of Chinese geneticists (Hui Xiang and colleagues 2013) has identified an expansion of silkworm population about 1,000 years ago, during the Chinese Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD). Researchers suggest that may have been associated with the Song Dynasty Green Revolution in agriculture, predating Norman Borlaugs experiments by 950 years. Sources Deng H, Zhang J, Li Y, Zheng S, Liu L, Huang L, Xu W-H, Palli SR, and Feng Q. 2012. POU and Abd-A proteins regulate the transcription of pupal genes during metamorphosis of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(31):12598-12603. Duan J, Li R, Cheng D, Fan W, Zha X, Cheng T, Wu Y, Wang J, Mita K, Xiang Z et al. 2010. SilkDB v2.0: a platform for silkworm (Bombyx mori) genome biology. Nucleic Acids Research  38 (Database Issue): D453-456. Russell E. 2017. Spinning their way into history: Silkworms, mulberries and manufacturing landscapes in China. Global Environment 10(1):21-53. Sun W, Yu H, Shen Y, Banno Y, Xiang Z, and Zhang Z. 2012. Phylogeny and evolutionary history of the silkworm. Science China Life Sciences 55(6):483-496.Xiang H, Li X, Dai F, Xu X, Tan A, Chen L, Zhang G, Ding Y, Li Q, Lian J et al. 2013. Comparative methylomics between domesticated and wild silkworms implies possible epigenetic influences on silkworm domestication. BMC G enomics 14(1):646. Xiong Z. 2014. The Hepu Han tombs and the maritime Silk Road of the Han Dynasty. Antiquity 88(342):1229-1243.Yang S-Y, Han M-J, Kang L-F, Li Z-W, Shen Y-H, and Zhang Z. 2014. Demographic history and gene flow during silkworm domestication. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14(1):185.

See attched Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

See attched - Essay Example The moral law is based â€Å"not in the nature of man, nor in the circumstances of the world in which man is placed, but †¦. A priori solely in the concepts of pure reason.†2 The categorical imperatives of Kant demand us not to tell a lie even when the life of someone may be at risk due to our rigid adherence to the moral rules.3 Helga and Springer have pointed out another outcome of the traditional rules of morality, that is, some feminists have started demanding the moral laws to be based on emotions and personal relationships. According to them, the traditional approach of moral rules places too much emphasis on abstract principles and the role of reason. Though both the views have some weight and there is also some room for criticism on the Kantian morality as well as the feminist approach of ethics of care and emotions, moral theory certainly should be based on rules. The main criticism of the moral theory based on rules is that these rules restrict our actions to do good which have good consequences. The human nature resists such restrictions and seeks liberty and freedom to do what pleases it. As the end of morality is to give happiness to the humanity, this happiness individual wish to seek through doing things according to their instincts rather than guided by some set of rules. That is why; the rules of morality often fail to bind human being to do good according to the set of rules. However, it is wrong to say that our ethical values should be based on our feelings more than the rules. Certainly, rules of morality provide us guidelines to do certain things and help us become civilized. For example, if people are let to do thi ngs instinctively, they would start fighting with other human beings just for the sake of their own pleasure. And if people are guided by their own feelings, they would prefer to do things according to what gratifies them rather than what is based on rational and reason. For instance, it is my feeling sometime that the